SC UN as a mechanism of peacekeeping. Part of reasearch. Introduction

The world needs stable peace and security guarantee for peaceful environment and developing countries and   international community in general. The United Nations Security Council is a unique structure with the capability and capacity to resolve and prevent conflicts, and capable of ensuring peace and   stability.

 However, late XXth –early XXIst century has been the period of emergency and escalation of conflicts between countries. The United Nations Security Council is a universal mechanism, that developed a system of measures on the international diplomatic settlement and measures to stabilize conflict situations through conducting peacekeeping operations. Many conflicts need   solving. The countries are unable to reach consensus within the conflict themselves. A peacekeeping operation can act as a regulator and buffer in conflict situations. In the course of the world history the world situation changed  as well as the changing nature of conflicts. This fact led to the needs of flexibility in peacekeeping mechanisms in order to remain effective. The objective of the Security Council is not only to be effective at the moment, but retain their relevance founded  on the past experience.

The goal of the research is to determine the role of the Security Council as a peacekeeping mechanism by means of peacekeeping operations. The tasks will be:

- to determine   successfulness of peacekeeping operations as a means of achieving peace;

- to consider positive and negative actions of the conducted peacekeeping operations   affecting  their efficiency;

- to determine the prospects for development in order to strengthen the role of the Security Council in the area of ​​peacekeeping.

The Charter of the UN Security Council   presupposes to provide security under The Security Council throughout the world. Thus, the Security Council is a mechanism for peacekeeping worldwide. Peacemaking is carried out due to the array of measures for conflict resolution. These measures include peacekeeping operations of UN Security Council.

The Security Council   coordinates   peacekeeping mission,conducts preventive measures in potential conflict zones,  maintains peace, is engaged in peace-building, and in extreme cases - conducts military intervention. Undoubtedly, the Security Council plays an important role in conflict resolution. The history of missions shows how successful peacekeeping operation was.     

        The UN Security Council serves as the primary mechanism for peacekeeping. Peacemaking  is provided  through peace-keeping operations.

 Successfulness of operations depends on many factors. However, the result of an operation comes from the mandate. Mandate requires the direction of action on the settlement, stabilization, monitoring, sanctions on the conflict. Examining   overall picture of  a conflict resolution and the results of peacekeeping missions, we can judge about their success as a whole.

In this case, the object of the research is  the peacekeeping operation of UN Security Council. The subject of  the work is  the Security Council as a mechanism for peacekeeping.

Consideration of mechanisms of peacekeeping and peacemaking gives us a possibility to determine a position  of the UN Security Council in the global stage in peacekeeping. The main method of conflict resolution  is  peacekeeping operations, that`s why we need to consider  them. This work will provide an opportunity to define the functions of UN Security Council as a mechanism for peacekeeping. The issue of the effectiveness of measures applied by the UN Security Council with respect to volatile areas is the result of the mechanism of peacekeeping in the framework  of the UN. The Security Council, accumulating historical experience, has developed a unique system of peacekeeping, which are peacekeeping operations. PKO is a universal mechanism, which acts as a buffer, a third party, the stabilizer and the observer. Their performance can determine the role of the UN Security Council in conflict resolution as a whole.

Taking into consideration    characteristics of the direction of international relations, and also considering  the subject of  the investigation is justified by specificity of the chosen methods, such as case-study, logic-theoretical method and analysis of documents.

To study the chosen perspective it is necessary to define accurately the conceptual apparatus, as the uncertainty of  terms can lead to confusion. For consideration of categorical system of  the UN Security Council in peacekeeping we shall apply logic-theoretical method, which will help to avoid confusion of concepts.

Determination and interrelation of all these elements.

The most important method used in this  work is analysis of documents, as the main source of information for research  is the official UN documents. Functions and actions are determined by the Charter of the UN Security Council, resolutions and mandates of peacekeeping operations. The results of  the operations, as well as all resolutions, reports, papers, are the base material and the original source. First of all, they    are the proof of any thesis set forth in the course of historical events and are a genuine reflection of reality.

The hypothesis of the research is that the Security Council is not effective in peacekeeping operations and has lost its relevance. To confirm or refute the hypothesis of universality and the success of the Security Council in peacekeeping, as well as its role, we must consider not only quantitative but also qualitative indicators. Thus, in our  research, we propose to consider  50 completed transactions, not including 14 deployed at the moment, and define the purpose of operations and their results. The effectiveness of  the operations determines the success of the mandate. According to the research, we get a complete picture of successfully carried out and failed operations. And to determine the positive and negative aspects of the Missions and for   consideration of the mechanism of peacemaking in a specific example we use the method of Case-study. This method can determine how the UN Security Council acts in resolving the conflict. In our opinion, the most pressing is an example of Georgian-Abkhazian conflict.

According to the results of our research, we shall define the place of the UN Security Council in peacekeeping and the methods by which conflict resolution is carried out. The results of the research of the conducted peacekeeping operations will show the result of the success of   peacekeeping mechanism. And also it will help determine the prospects of the UN Security Council as a mechanism of peacekeeping.